French Bulldog Breathing Problems: How the OFA Grading Scheme Helps
French Bulldogs are beloved for their playful personalities and signature “squishy” faces. But those same short snouts can cause serious breathing difficulties. This condition, called Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS), happens when the skull is shortened but the soft tissues inside, such as the tongue, soft palate, and nasal structures are still too large. The result: restricted airflow, noisy breathing, and in severe cases, a reduced quality of life or shortened lifespan.
Surgery can sometimes provide relief, but prevention is better. Thanks to the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) and its use of the Respiratory Function Grading Scheme (RFGS), owners now have a tool to better protect their dogs’ health.
What Is BOAS?
Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) is a collection of breathing problems that affect flat-faced breeds like French Bulldogs, Pugs, and English Bulldogs. Because their skulls are shortened, the soft tissues inside don’t fit properly. This mismatch causes airway obstruction and makes normal breathing more difficult.
Key features of BOAS include:
Stenotic nares – narrowed nostrils that make it harder for air to move in and out
Elongated soft palate – excess tissue at the back of the mouth that can flip into the airway, blocking airflow
Enlarged tongue and tonsils – taking up extra space in the throat, leaving less room for breathing
Everted laryngeal saccules – small tissues near the voice box that get pulled into the airway over time, adding to the obstruction
BOAS can range from mild snoring to life-threatening airway obstruction. Dogs with moderate to severe BOAS often struggle in hot weather, during exercise, or even while eating and sleeping.
If your Frenchie snores loudly, pants heavily after a short walk, or struggles to cool down in warm weather, these may be signs of BOAS. Some dogs may even choke slightly while eating or wake up suddenly at night because they can’t breathe comfortably.
How BOAS Looks in Daily Life
Many of these airway issues show up in ways owners can notice every day. If your Frenchie snores loudly, pants heavily after a short walk, struggles to cool down in warm weather, or seems easily tired during play, these may be signs of BOAS. Some dogs may even struggle to breathe while eating or sleeping. Recognizing these signs early can help you take action with your veterinarian.
What Is the Respiratory Function Grading Scheme (RFGS)?
The RFGS was developed by Dr. Jane Ladlow at the University of Cambridge and later adopted by The Kennel Club in the UK. In 2023, the OFA introduced the RFGS in the U.S., giving owners, breeders, and veterinarians a reliable way to evaluate airway health in brachycephalic breeds like French Bulldogs, English Bulldogs, and Pugs.
How it works:
Dogs are examined by OFA-trained veterinarians after light exercise 🩺
A grade is assigned from 0 (no clinical signs) to III (severe breathing issues)
Results help breeders and owners make informed, health-first decisions
By expanding beyond orthopedic screenings such as hip dysplasia, the OFA has provided Frenchie lovers with a practical tool to promote healthier generations of dogs.
Why RFGS Matters for French Bulldog Owners
Smarter Breeding & Buying – Reviewing RFGS grades of puppies and their parents helps families choose dogs with stronger breathing health.
Early Detection – If your Frenchie already shows signs of BOAS, an RFGS assessment can guide treatment and lifestyle adjustments.
Advocacy – Informed owners can ask breeders tough questions and encourage practices that put health before appearance.
What If My French Bulldog Shows Signs of BOAS?
Watch for: labored breathing, noisy panting, exercise or heat intolerance, or fainting episodes.
For example, if your dog struggles to catch their breath after climbing stairs, wheezes after a short play session, or collapses in hot weather, these could all be red flags of BOAS.
Treatment may include surgery, but there are risks:
Anesthesia challenges – Brachycephalic breeds are at higher risk during and immediately after anesthesia.
Specialized care needed – Choose a veterinarian experienced in anesthesia and post-operative monitoring for these breeds.
Beyond BOAS: Other Health Issues in French Bulldogs
French Bulldogs are now the most popular breed in the U.S. Unfortunately, high demand has led to more indiscriminate breeding and a surge of medical issues. At Sage Compassion for Animals, many emergency grants help cover urgent care for French Bulldogs, especially C-sections, since many cannot give birth naturally.
Other common conditions include:
Orthopedic issues – luxating patella, hip and elbow dysplasia, spinal disease
Ear infections – chronic or severe cases may require surgery
Skin allergies – leading to itching, infections, or discomfort
Eye problems – ulcers, cherry eye, cataracts, trauma risks
Digestive concerns – chronic GI issues needing special diets
Urinary stones – especially in males, sometimes leading to dangerous blockages
Tracheal collapse – further complicating airway function
Spaying and neutering can prevent some hereditary conditions and reduce pregnancy-related risks.
Responsible French Bulldog Ownership
Thinking about adding a Frenchie to your family? Consider these steps:
Ask breeders about RFGS results and full medical histories of the parents
Watch for red flags if a breeder is unaware of the RFGS
Plan financially with a veterinary budget or pet insurance
Support nonprofits like Sage Compassion for Animals, which provide grants to keep pets and families together during unexpected veterinary crises
Even small changes like louder snoring, less stamina on walks, or unusual eating habits are worth noting and discussing with your vet.
Final Thoughts: Helping French Bulldogs Breathe Easier
French Bulldogs bring endless love and joy, but they require informed and proactive care. Tools like the OFA’s Respiratory Function Grading Scheme (RFGS) empower owners and breeders to make decisions that protect this popular breed’s long-term health. With greater awareness, stronger advocacy, and support for organizations like Sage Compassion for Animals, we can ensure French Bulldogs not only make us smile but also live longer, healthier lives.
Written By: Dr. Lissa Richardson